Video:Congressional Powers

Transcript:Congressional Powers

The Congress has specific powers spelled out in the Constitution, none more important than its duty to make laws.

The Primary Function of Congress is to Create Laws

Article I of the Constitution sets forth the powers of Congress in specific language. Section 8 states, "Congress shall have Power … To make all Laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into Execution the foregoing Powers, and all other Powers vested by this Constitution in the Government of the United States, or in any Department or Officer thereof."

Congress has the power to override a presidential veto with a two-thirds majority in both chambers.In addition, Congress has the power to amend the Constitution. Both chambers must approve the proposed constitutional amendment by two-thirds majority and the amendment must then be approved by three-quarters of state legislatures.

Congress Has Power in Both International and Domestic Affairs

Congress also has financial powers. In addition to the power to coin money, Congress is charged with assessing and collecting taxes. It also regulates commerce, both among the states and with foreign nations. The power to raise and maintain armed forces is the responsibility of Congress, and it has the power to declare war. The Senate, but not the House of Representatives, has the power to approve treaties with foreign governments, as well.

Congress establishes post offices and the infrastructure and also appropriates funds for the judicial branch. Congress can also establish other agencies to keep the country running smoothly. Bodies such as the Government Accountability Office and the National Mediation Board ensure that the monetary appropriations and the laws that Congress passes are applied properly.

Houses of Congress Have Separate Responsibilities

Each house has some exclusive duties as well. The House can initiate laws that require people to pay taxes and can decide whether public officials should be tried if accused of a crime. Representatives are elected to two-year terms, and the Speaker of the House is second in line to succeed the president after the vice president. The Senate is responsible for confirming presidential appointments of Cabinet members, federal judges and foreign ambassadors. The Senate also tries any federal official accused of a crime, once the House determines that a trial is in order. Senators are elected to six-year terms; the vice president presides over the Senate and has the right to cast the deciding vote in the event of a tie.

Thanks for watching. To learn more, visit about.com.